The incidence of Fusarium moniliforme on maize from Central America, Africa and Asia during 1992–1995

Abstract

Samples of maize seed were obtained from countries in Central America, Africa and Asia and assessed for fungal infection. Fusarium spp. were the largest single group of fungi present, and from these Fusarium moniliforme was the species most frequently isolated. Other fungi, including Stenocarpella (Diplodia) maydis, S. macrospora and Acremonium strictum, were also present in significant numbers. Isolates of F. moniliforme were characterized for mating populations, using RAPDs, and a number of isolates, taken at random from those assigned to specific mating groups, were also confirmed by crossing. Isolates were also characterized for fusaric acid production and significant differences in fusaric acid production were detected between isolates from different countries and regions within countries. A detailed analysis of isolates from one country, Kenya, was undertaken. The importance of the pathogens is discussed in relation to human, animal and seed health and quarantine regulations, and plant breeding objectives.