Abstract
Chemerin belongs to the group of adipocyte-derived hormones known as adipokines, which are responsible mainly for the control of energy homeostasis. Adipokine exerts its influence through three receptors: Chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1), and C-C motif chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2). A growing body of evidence indicates that chemerin participates in the regulation of the female reproductive system. According to the literature, the expression of chemerin and its receptors in reproductive structures depends on the local hormonal milieu. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and F2α (PGF2α) on chemerin and chemerin receptor (chemerin system) mRNAs (qPCR) and proteins (ELISA, Western blotting) in endometrial tissue explants collected from early-pregnant gilts. Both PGE2 and PGF2α significantly influenced the expression of the chemerin gene, hormone secretion, and the expression of chemerin receptor genes and proteins. The influence of both prostaglandins on the expression of the chemerin system varied between different stages of gestation. This is the first study to describe the modulatory effect of PGE2 and PGF2α on the expression of the chemerin system in the porcine uterus during early gestation.
Highlights
The relationship between nutritional status and reproductive success in animals has been studied for many years
prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) treatment resulted in an increase of chemerin mRNA expression on days 12 to 13 and 15 to 16 of pregnancy and a decrease on days 27 to 28 of gestation and days 10 to 11 of the cycle
The current study revealed that PGE2 inhibits chemerin secretion on days 15 to 16 of pregnancy and stimulates chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) protein expression, whereas PGF2α exerts the same effect on days 12 to 28 of gestation in the case of chemerin and promotes the expression of CCRL2 on days 12 to 13 and 27 to 28
Summary
The relationship between nutritional status and reproductive success in animals has been studied for many years. Chemokine-like receptor 1, known as ChemR23 in humans, has been most extensively studied. It is believed that GPR1 has different functions than those of CMKLR1 because both receptors are expressed in different tissues. Chemokine-like receptor 1 has been detected mainly in macrophages, natural killer cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and myeloid dendritic cells, whereas GPR1 is expressed in cells related to the central nervous system [6,7,8]. C-C motif chemokine receptor-like 2 is unable to transduce the signal, but it binds the N-terminal region of chemerin and exposes the C-terminal region of the hormone molecule to CMKLR1 that is expressed on the membranes of the neighboring cells [10]. The expression of the CCLR2 gene and protein was confirmed in neutrophils, T cells, and macrophages [11]
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