Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) in a biofilm model using combinations of various dyes (rose bengal, riboflavin, and methylene blue) as photosensitizers and light sources (LED and UVA) against staphylococcal and candidal biofilms. Sterile microtiter plates were used for the development and quantification of the biofilms. APDT was carried out using combinations of the light sources and dyes. The percentage of the growth inhibition was then calculated using a spectrophotometer. The broth media in the wells were aspirated, wells were stained with crystal violet, and optical density values were measured spectrophotometrically. SEM analysis of the impact of APDT on bacterial and fungal biofilms was also performed. The experiments showed that the most efficacious combination was red LED + methylene blue against both staphylococcal and candidal biofilms. A marked inhibition (45.4%) was detected on both C. albicans and C. parapsilosis biofilms. Red LED + methylene blue was also effective on S. aureus and S. epidermidis biofilms. SEM images suggested that the number of adherent cells and biofilm mass were markedly reduced after APDT treatment. Although the results of this study indicated the in vitro efficacy of APDT, it might also be a promising technique for the control of biofilm growth within intravenous catheters.
Highlights
Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) has emerged in recent years as an adjunctive to the conventional antimicrobial therapeutic modality for the treatment of different types of bacterial and fungal infections
Red Light-emitting diode (LED) + methylene blue was effective on S. aureus and S. epidermidis biofilms
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images suggested that the number of adherent cells and biofilm mass were markedly reduced after APDT treatment
Summary
Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) has emerged in recent years as an adjunctive to the conventional antimicrobial therapeutic modality for the treatment of different types of bacterial and fungal infections. Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy represents an alternative antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral treatment against drug-resistant organisms [1] It is a novel approach based on the interaction of a nontoxic photosensitizer and a harmless low-energy light source. The combination of these two factors in the presence of oxygen results in the creation of reactive oxygen species and triggers a cascade of biological events that leads to apoptosis and the death of microorganisms. This antimicrobial approach may help to destroy the microbial populations in biofilms. APDT is a promising salvage therapy for CRBSIs because it can help to prevent biofilm formation and rapidly reduce the bacterial and candidal load from the biofilms developed on the surface of the intravenous catheters [1,3,4,5]
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