The improvement of the winter wheat cultivation technology in arid conditions of the Povolzhie

О I Goryanin,Е V Madyakin,B Zh Dzhangabaev,N А Yakovleva

doi:10.31367/2079-8725-2021-73-1-52-56

Abstract

Winter wheat is currently the main grain field crop in the European part of Russia. However, to increase the cultivation efficiency, it is necessary to improve cultivation technology. The purpose of the work is to identify new promising varieties and improve the winter bread wheat cultivation technology for the arid conditions of the Povolzhie. In 2015–2019 there was conducted an agroecological testing for 17 winter wheat varieties, which were most widespread and had the prospects for their introduction in the Povolzhie. During 2011–2018 there were studied five cultivation technologies (options) of the winter wheat variety ‘Svetoch’ in the six crop rotation sequences. The study has established that when cultivating winter wheat in the blackearth (chernozem) steppe of the Povolzhie, the varieties ‘Marafon’, ‘Novoershovskaya’, ‘Zhemchuzhina Povolzhiya’, ‘Severodonetskaya yubileynaya’ and ‘Svetoch’ were the most promising varieties. Under favorable moisture conditions, it was most profitable to cultivated the varieties ‘Rostovchanka 7’, ‘Izyuminka’, ‘Marafon’, ‘Bazis’, ‘Severodonetskaya yubileynaya’, ‘Skipetr’. When cultivating winter wheat in ‘black’ fallow, it is more rational to use early fallow, which begins to be cultivated in the spring when the soil is physically matured. The early spring additional fertilizing with ammonium nitrate increases winter wheat productivity on 0.28 t/ha (9.3%). In order to obtain the maximum net income (11324.8 rubles/ha) and profitability (115.0%), it is most expedient to use the biological product ‘Bionex Kemi’ (3 l/ha) on commercial wheat crops.

Highlights

In 2015–2019 there was conducted an agroecological testing for 17 winter wheat varieties, which were most widespread and had the prospects for their introduction in the Povolzhie
The study has established that when cultivating winter wheat in the blackearth steppe of the Povolzhie, the varieties ‘Marafon’, ‘Novoershovskaya’, ‘Zhemchuzhina Povolzhiya’, ‘Severodonetskaya yubileynaya’ and ‘Svetoch’ were the most promising varieties
When cultivating winter wheat in ‘black’ fallow, it is more rational to use early fallow, which begins to be cultivated in the spring when the soil is physically matured

Summary

Introduction

Однако для стабилизации и повышения экономической эффективности производства этой культуры необходимо дальнейшее совершенствование технологии, поиск приёмов адаптивной интенсификации при её выращивании (Грабовец и Фоменко, 2019; Раева, 2018; Чуб и др., 2014). Одним из основных элементов технологии возделывания зерновых культур, обеспечивающих повышение урожайности и качество зерна озимой пшеницы, является сорт (Сандухадзе, 2016; Ионова и др., 2018). Поэтому определение потенциала продуктивности новых сортов в сложившихся условиях изменения климата является важным направлением при разработке технологий, совершенствовании приемов и способов управления продукционным процессом озимой пшеницы (Сандухадзе, 2016; Сухоруков и Сухоруков, 2017). Цель работы – выявление новых перспективных сортов и усовершенствование технологии возделывания озимой мягкой пшеницы для засушливых условий Поволжья.

Objectives

Results

Conclusion