The improvement in technology of rectification column calculation

Abstract

The task of automation and increasing the efficiency of calculating the parameters of the rectifying column for the needs of chemical production is being solved. Rectification is one of the most time-consuming chemical-technological processes responsible for the separation of liquid mixtures into practically pure components, which differ in boiling points, by repeated evaporation of the liquid and vapor condensation. The possibility of separation of the liquid mixture into its constituent components by distillation is due to the fact that the composition of the vapor formed above the liquid mixture differs from the composition of the liquid mixture under the conditions of the equilibrium state of steam and liquid. To select the optimal working conditions, it is necessary to take into account the heat consumption, temperature and pressure of the heat carrier - heating steam and cooling water, as well as the necessary dimensions of the columns and connecting elements with it by heat exchangers. All these factors are interrelated and depend, in particular, on the temperature and state of aggregation of the mixture supplied for separation. When calculating the processes of rectification, the compositions of liquids are usually given in mass fractions or percent, and for practical calculation it is more convenient to use the compositions of liquids and steam, expressed in molar fractions or percent. The software being developed will automate the calculation of distillation plants, which will increase the calculation speed. In most existing installations, rectification is not clear. The resulting components of light and oil distillates do not correspond to the required fractional composition, overgrowth of fractions is observed, some of the heaviest fractions of light diesel oil products fall into the bottom of the column, into fuel oil. Therefore, much attention is paid to the study and analysis of the operation of distillation columns, improving the methods of their calculation. The software created as a result of the project will be used directly by technologists, chemists and professors.