The improved effect and its mechanism of phytic acid on DSS-induced UC mice

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with an unknown etiology that is currently difficult to treat effectively. Phytic acid, a natural compound found in high-fiber foods, such as grains, has been shown to have many pharmacological functions, such as anti-inflammatory and blood-milk barrier maintenance. Our study investigated the effects of phytic acid on UC as well as the underlying mechanisms. We found that phytic acid ameliorated weight loss, shortened colon length, increased clinical scores, and decreased the release of pro-inflammatory factors (Il-1β, Il-6, and TNF-α) in mice with DSS-induced UC. Phytic acid was also found to protect intestinal barrier integrity in mice with UC by maintaining the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-3 and ZO-1) and mucin-2. In LPS-stimulated Caco-2 cells, phytic acid significantly inhibited the upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors and the downregulation of tight junction proteins. Further experimental results confirmed that phytic acid inhibits the activation of the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in both mice with UC and Caco-2 cells. To sum up, this study proved that phytic acid has a beneficial ameliorative effect on mice with DSS-induced UC, suggesting that it may be used to develop functional foods for the treatment or prevention of UC.