Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 is of great concern to the scientific community. This mainly affects the elderly and people with underlying diseases. People with obesity are more likely to experience unpleasant disease symptoms and increased mortality. The severe oxidative environment that occurs in obesity due to chronic inflammation permits viral activation of further inflammation leading to severe lung disease. Lifestyle affects the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. It has been shown that a careful diet rich in antioxidants, regular exercise, and fasting regimens, each and/or together, can reduce the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress and strengthen the immune system as they lead to weight loss and activate cellular antioxidant mechanisms and reduce oxidative damage. Thus, a lifestyle change based on the three pillars: antioxidants, exercise, and fasting could act as a proactive preventative measure against the adverse effects of COVID-19 by maintaining redox balance and well-functioning immunity. Moreover, because of the observed diversity in the expression of COVID-19 inflammation, the role of genetics of innate immune molecules, surfactant protein A (SP-A)1 and SP-A2, and their differential impact on the local lung microenvironment and host defense is reviewed as genetics may play a major role in the diverse expression of the disease.
Highlights
IntroductionDecember of 2019 may represent an era that will change the mindset of humanity from its roots
December of 2019 may represent an era that will change the mindset of humanity from its roots.The “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, provoked a highly contagious disease that was first reported in Wuhan city in China and within months spread throughout the globe
Under an appropriate administration regimen, whey protein could fortify the antioxidant defense of the host and act as an important preventive agent against SARS-CoV-2 virulence given that several parameters such as the route of administration, the nutritional and health status of the individuals, the personalized regimen for antioxidant administration, and others will be taken into account
Summary
December of 2019 may represent an era that will change the mindset of humanity from its roots. The human body has endogenous antioxidant defense systems that eliminate reactive species such as superoxide anions (O2 − ), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), and the hydroxyl radical (HO ). Enzymatic antioxidants such as, catalases (CAT) superoxide dismutase (SOD), the thioredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxin system, glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) together with the non-enzymatic antioxidants can counteract free radicals and neutralize oxidants [5]. CAT plays a role in the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water [6] (Figure 1) This antioxidant defense mechanism can be deregulated by several pathologic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. If the answer is yes, what kind of therapeutic interventions may be considered?
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