Abstract
Fenitrothion [O,O-dimethyl O-(p-nitro-m-tolyl) phosphorothionate] and deltamethrin [(S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (lR,3R)-cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate]in formulations sprayed on the surface of natural water in the laboratory disappeared from water far faster than formulations injected below the surface of the water. Half-lives of disappearance from surface-sprayed water were less than 2.5 h, compared to 5 - 60 d for disappearance from subsurface-injected water. Analyses of air filters showed that the disappearance from surface-sprayed samples was due to volatilization, which accounted for at least 70% of the pesticide lost from water. The results correlate well with those from earlier field studies of directly sprayed ponds, and indicate that volatilization from the surface microlayer is the major dissipation process for these pesticides sprayed on natural waters.
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