Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are widely used as energy storage systems (ESSs). The biggest challenge they face is retaining intrinsic health under all conditions, and understanding internal thermal behaviour is crucial to this. The key concern is the potentially large temperature differences at high charge/discharge rates. Excess heat created during charge/discharge will accelerate irreversible aging, eventually leading to failure. As a consequence, it is important to keep battery states within their safe operating range, which is determined by voltage, temperature, and current windows. Due to the chemically aggressive and electrically noisy environment, internal temperature measurement is difficult. As a result, non-invasive sensors must be physically stable, electromagnetic interference-resistant, and chemically inert. These characteristics are provided by fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, which are also multiplexable. This review article discusses the thermal problems that arise during LiB use, as well as their significance in terms of LiB durability and protection. FBG-based sensors are described as a technology, with emphasis on their importance for direct temperature measurement within the LiB cell.
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are commonly used as energy storage systems (ESSs) in portable devices, and hybrid and pure electric vehicles due to their high specific capacity, long life cycle, low self-discharge and compatibility with existing electric infrastructure [1,2,3,4,5].The first and foremost challenge in developing a LiB device is to maintain its intrinsic stability under both normal and irregular circumstances
Due to the measurement method, these sensors are ideal for use in LiBs, as they are resistant to chemical degradation and are electrically inert
The use of fibre Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensors in LiBs is a relatively recent development and still requires further development of the sensor technology to improve their integration into LiB cells
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are commonly used as energy storage systems (ESSs) in portable devices, and hybrid and pure electric vehicles due to their high specific capacity, long life cycle, low self-discharge and compatibility with existing electric infrastructure [1,2,3,4,5]. Fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors exhibit these characteristics and are very thin, mobile, and have multiplexing capabilities These are chemically inert and have the ability of monitoring multiple points in the same optical fibre at once [10]. The challenge with the temperature/strain cross-sensitivity in the fibre-optic sensors requires additional study to achieve accurate internal temperature measurement. Areas of research that need attention that are required to improve the utilisation of FBGs in LiBs are discussed in order to improve implementation of optical fibre sensors into battery cells
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