Abstract
In the paper, the middlings (tailings of I cleaner flotation) were characterized, and new possibilities of their processing were presented. The advantages of introducing a separate circuit for middlings processing were emphasized. This circuit should be adapted to the properties of the processed middlings and characterized by relative simplicity. An important element of the separate processing of middlings is grinding. The paper presents the advantages of the grinding process in the magnetic mill (MM), which has not been used until now in the enrichment of mineral raw materials. The importance of introducing for the difficult to treat middlings a separate flotation in a flotation machine characterized by a high dynamics of the process was emphasized.
Highlights
One of the reasons for technological problems of copper ore enrichment at KGHM PM SA are circulating in the system so called middlings
The high content of copper in the middlings does not allow them to be sent to tailings, but it is too low to be a component of the final concentrate
How much of copper obtained from the middlings will be directed to the concentrate and how much to tailings depends on the technology of middlings processing used and the quality requirements for the final concentrate
Summary
One of the reasons for technological problems of copper ore enrichment at KGHM PM SA are circulating in the system so called middlings. The increased amount of shale in the processed ore results in yield increase of froth product in the rougher flotation, thereby increasing the circulating amount of middlings It negatively affects the enrichment process and causes an increase of metal losses in tailings. A necessary condition is a low yield of froth product so that the amount of circulating middlings is low This condition is not met for ores with clay content and/or containing gangue components of good floatability (e.g. organic matter). In this case, the amount of circulating middlings is excessively increasing, and what is more, the unwanted ore components accumulate in them in large quantities. The additional benefit of separate processing of middlings would be the improvement of operating conditions of the rougher flotation, which feed would be deprived of the difficult to treat fraction derived from middlings
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