Abstract
Bacterial endotoxin is a potent inflammatory antigen abundant in the human intestine. Endotoxins circulate in the blood at low concentrations in all healthy individuals. Elevated levels of circulatory endotoxins may cause inflammation with the development of chronic disease, either affecting metabolism, neurological disease, or resistance to viral and bacterial infections. The most important endotoxin is LPS, being a superantigen. In this narrative review, the effect of various food components to postprandially elevate circulating LPS and inflammatory markers is described. There is evidence that the intake of food enriched in fat, in particular saturated fat, may elevate LPS and pro-inflammatory markers. This occurs in both normal-weight and obese subjects. In obese subjects, inflammatory markers are already elevated before meal consumption. The importance of food choice for endotoxemia and inflammatory response is discussed.
Highlights
LPS stays within the intestinal lumen, but can reach the circulation in high concentrations following disruption of the intestinal barrier. This occurs during inflammatory diseases, like allergy and autoimmunity [3], and during chronic inflammatory bowel disease [4], the severity of the disease being correlated to the levels of endotoxemia and inflammatory markers
We have focused on the direct role of nutrients to induce endotoxemia and/or elevate the blood levels of pro-inflammatory markers
Since obesity has been described as a low-inflammatory state, the influence of a fat-rich meal on endotoxemia and described inflammation investigated in state, obese the subjects and compared
Summary
LPS stays within the intestinal lumen, but can reach the circulation in high concentrations following disruption of the intestinal barrier. This occurs during inflammatory diseases, like allergy and autoimmunity [3], and during chronic inflammatory bowel disease [4], the severity of the disease being correlated to the levels of endotoxemia and inflammatory markers. We have focused on the direct role of nutrients to induce endotoxemia and/or elevate the blood levels of pro-inflammatory markers. To this end, meal studies have been collected and carefully reviewed so as to understand more in detail if any such effect is at hand.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
