Abstract
Education influences upward movement in vertical social mobility. With scholars not returning to villages, upward social mobility in a farmer’s society slows down. The research was conducted from September 2017 until April 2018 in Wringinpitu village, Tegaldlimo sub-district, Banyuwangi district with the aim of determining upward social mobility of farmers in Wringinpitu village. Upward social mobility is determined by the differences in a farmer’s life, before and after planting oranges, land ownership, wealth, and social position in a society. The research uses a qualitative case study design with data collected through observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews. The informants were selected based on a purposive sampling method. The data was then validated by triangulation and analyzed using the interactive model. The results has shown that the factors affecting upward social mobility was not only due to higher education levels but also from opportunities, family background, and social capital. Scholarly farmers achieve the highest social position while farmers with only junior high school background having the lowest social position. The less educated farmers are less able to absorb information and make innovations. Scholarly farmers are more successful and become role models for other farmers. Farmer with higher education are able to achieve higher vertical social mobility and vice versa. The results of the research propose that educational institutions should educate and motivate scholars to return to their villages as agents of change.
Highlights
Villages are commonly known as traditional areas, low educated populations, and poor living
Farmers can move from one position to another position in society, a move called upward social mobility
From the research findings above, we argue that all of farmers achieve upward vertical social mobility since they had worked in the orange agribusiness sector
Summary
Villages are commonly known as traditional areas, low educated populations, and poor living. Farmers can move from one position to another position in society, a move called upward social mobility. The fact is that there has been no government representatives who are tasked in handling the citrus agribusiness (Badan Litbang Pertanian, 2005: 16) During this time, farmers in Wringinpitu village mainly carry out their agricultural related business by self-learning. Research by Deary, et al (2005) showed that, in Scotland, education is the main factor influencing upward social mobility. We try to analyze factors affecting upward vertical social mobility in Wringinpitu village based on the farmer’s educational level with a qualitative method. Many farmers experience upward vertical social mobility, their mobility can be differentiated by their educational level. This research aims to determine the upward social mobility of farmers in Wringinpitu village
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