Abstract
Bee products are a natural source of nutrients and biologically active compounds, which may also be found on the lists of functional ingredients. In our diets, mainly honey is used and to a lesser extent bee pollen and royal jelly. Propolis and bee venom are mainly used in apitherapy due to their therapeutic properties. Regarding the basic nutrients, honey is primarily a source of sugars, while protein and fat contents are considerable in royal jelly and pollen, which also contains dietary fiber. Bee products also contain small amounts of bioactive compounds that have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. Honey is characterized by, among others, phenolic compounds, royal jelly proteins, oligosaccharides. Royal jelly contains specific fatty acids, including 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, bioactive peptides, major royal jelly proteins, and pollen contains various vitamins, phenolic compounds, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids. However, further research and clinical studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of bee products and to raise consumer awareness of the importance of their consumption. Honey, bee pollen and royal jelly are natural foods, which due to their composition may help to achieve the recommended daily intake of basic nutrients, and may also serve as a source of important bioactive compounds, and therefore undoubtedly belong to a balanced diet.
Highlights
Pomen čebeljih pridelkov v humani prehrani Izvleček: Čebelji pridelki so naraven vir hranil in biološko aktivnih spojin, ki se uvrščajo tudi na sezname funkcionalnih sestavin
The importance of bee products in human nutrition Abstract: Bee products are a natural source of nutrients and biologically active compounds, which may be found on the lists of functional ingredients
Honey is primarily a source of sugars, while protein and fat contents are considerable in royal jelly and pollen, which contains dietary fiber
Summary
Med je eno najbolj kompleksnih naravnih živil, je naravna sladka snov, ki jo izdelajo čebele Apis mellifera iz nektarja cvetov ali izločkov iz živih delov rastlin ali izločkov žuželk (uši, kaparjev), ki sesajo rastlinski sok na živih delih rastlin, ki jih čebele zberejo, predelajo z določenimi lastnimi snovmi, shranijo, posušijo in pustijo dozoreti v satju. Pravilnik o medu (2011) deli med glede na izvor na i) »med iz nektarja«, ki je pridobljen iz nektarja cvetov različnih rastlin, ter ii) »manin med«, ki je pridobljen predvsem iz izločkov insektov na živih delih rastlin ali izločkov živih. Zaradi dolge tradicije čebelarstva v Sloveniji se večina slovenskega medu porabi doma, delež uvoženega medu predstavlja le 14 %. Po podatkih iz bilance medu se poraba medu v Sloveniji povečuje. V zadnjih letih uvozimo največ medu iz Hrvaške, Madžarske in Nemčije, izvažamo pa ga v Italijo, Belgijo in Avstrijo (Statistični urad RS, 2019)
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