Abstract
Shoot-differentiating callus cultures of Schisandra chinensis were cultivated under different spectral properties of monochromatic light (far-red, red, blue, UV-A), and in darkness and under white light (control conditions). The applied lighting conditions influenced biomass growth and the accumulation of secondary metabolites—dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans (fourteen compounds) and phenolic acids (seven compounds). Total amounts of the estimated metabolites increased 1.71 and 1.98 times, respectively, depending on light quality. Blue light was found to be the most effective lighting to the production of both groups of compounds. Their total amounts reached the maximum values of 376.41 mg/100 g DW and 46.57 mg/100 g DW, and were correspondingly 1.31 and 1.37 times greater than under white light. The amounts of individual compounds from the tested groups increased from 1.51 to 3.38 times (lignans), and from 1.74 to 2.72 times (phenolic acids), depending on the lighting conditions. The main bioactive compounds obtained in high amounts were: schisandrin (67.70 mg/100 g DW), deoxyschisandrin (55.19 mg/100 g DW), gomisin A (36.97 mg/100 g DW), and also chlorogenic acid (15.33 mg/100 g DW) and protocatechuic acid (13.11 mg/100 g DW). This is the first report providing evidence of the importance of light quality on the production of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans and phenolic acids in the biomass of S. chinensis cultivated in vitro.
Highlights
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.—the Chinese magnolia vine (Schisandraceae), is a valuable East-Asian medicinal plant species (Szopa and Ekiert 2014; Szopa et al 2016a)
The total amounts of lignans were dependent on light quality and ranged from 220.48 mg/100 g DW (UV-A irradiation) to 376.41 mg/100 g DW (Table 1)
Apart from the blue light, another lighting condition that fostered the accumulation of schisandra lignans was illumination with the far-red light—the total amount of lignans was 306.32 mg/100 g DW
Summary
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.—the Chinese magnolia vine (Schisandraceae), is a valuable East-Asian medicinal plant species (Szopa and Ekiert 2014; Szopa et al 2016a). S. chinensis has long been known in Far Eastern medicine, and since 2008 has been made known and utilized in the authorative European therapy as a pharmacopoeial plant species (European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines 2008). This species is listed in the United States Pharmacopeia (1999), as well as in the International Pharmacopoeia published by WHO (World Health Organization 2007). The plant raw material—the Schisandra fruit, shows valuable biological activities, such as hepatoregenerative, adaptogenic, antioxidant, antiphlogistic and antitumor properties (Hancke et al 1999; Szopa et al 2016a). We documented considerable production of these compounds in the biomass of high-degree organogenesis—in shoot-differentiating callus
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