Abstract
The transformation of local leadership in Bali has implications for the emergence of various phenomena of the relationship of desa dinas (the official administrative village) and desa adat (the customary village) which both have autonomous rights. The authority of desa adat and desa dinas coincides with each other. With these conditions, various potential conflicts, poor communication patterns, and overlapping authority are very likely to occur at the local level. In this study, several issues will be discussed, namely: What is the model and process of transformation in local leadership especially in desa adat in Bali? What is the process and form of negaranisasi in local leadership especially in desa adat in Bali? What are the competencies and roles of local leaders in the local leadership process in Bali? What are the roots, the causes and solutions in handling horizontal conflicts in local leadership in Bali? Data were collected by interview, documentation and focus group discussion method to obtain sufficient data variance and validity. Furthermore, the data were analyzed qualitatively using interactive models from Miles and Huberman. The results of the study can be described, that the synergy of two (2) types of local leadership is needed. The capacity and competence of village officials and prajuru adat (customary officials) are obliged to be enhanced, strengthened and empowered, so that they are able to adapt in handling various problems that arise in rural communities in the era of modernization and globalization. For this reason, it is needed to build a synergic relationship model and leadership coordination system between desa dinas and desa adat, a model for developing the capacity and competency of village officials and prajuru adat, and developing a model for handling conflicts that have increasingly intense.
Highlights
The transformation of local leadership in Bali has been going on for a long time even in the colonial era, the Japanese government, the Old Order, and its peak occurred in the New Order era
Strengthening the position of customary villages and the role given by the supra-local government have implications for the strong bargaining position of the customary villages in the government as well as the citizens
The big role of customary villages and the strong bargaining position have a big influence on the occurrence of the negaranisasi process in customary villages
Summary
The government carried out a process of uniformity and standardization of local leadership, in de jure, Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Village Government still seems to provide an opportunity for the existence of customary government institutions (outside the official village government) to exist and be maintained in the lives of village communities. Regulating traffic, curbing the urban population, maintaining and participating in securing political party congresses are a number of concrete examples of the role of the state taken by pecalang This is reaffirmed by Ardana, that pecalang has a very important role, even becoming a permanent security section in every banjar (the smallest form of local government in Bali) or desa adat activities such as securing the marriage and funeral ceremony, flood, fires, hurricanes and even traffic jams.. In the relationship between the customary village and the official administrative village, it is necessary to watch out for the hegemony of customary village by state power personified by the official administrative village (kelurahan) as an extension of the state's hand.
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