Abstract
Gilts raised in large litters produce smaller litters than those raised in small litters. These maternal influences affect the regression coefficient of additive genetic on phenotypic value. Over a range of plausible values, this regression coefficient, and thus genetic change, decreased 5–10% due to maternal effects. So the genetic impact of maternal effects on litter size is minimal. In a selection experiment, selected breeding gilts are raised in large litters. This results in a negative maternal influence on litter size which is mainly environmental. This influence can be eliminated to a large extent by standardization of those litters from which gilts are going to be selected. Selection for fertility seems to be possible if the requirements (accurate correction for fixed effects, optimization of herd management, high selection intensity, standardization of litters and accurate estimation of breeding values) are fulfilled.
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