Abstract
Energy-harvesting passive RFID (radio frequency identification) tags provide countless possibilities as so-called smart tags. Smart tags can communicate with existing RFID readers or interrogators while providing a battery-less platform for internal and external sensors to enrich available information about the environment and smart tag it. A reduced cost and size as well as an increased lifespan and durability of battery-free smart tags offer improvements in areas such as transportation and product tracking. Battery-free smart tags can ideally support arbitrarily complex sensor measurements, but in reality energy limitations can introduce great reductions in operating range and thus application range. In this work, we present an example application of a smart tag with a passive HF (high-frequency) RFID tag IC (integrated circuit) and MEMS (micro electro-mechanical structure) sensor. A standard HF RFID reader connected to a PC (personal computer) allowed the RF (radio frequency) field to power and communicate with the smart tag. A Kalman filter, implemented on a PC, was used to correct and improve the raw sensor data of smart tag orientation. Measurement results showed that the MEMS sensor on the smart tag could be powered for continuous operation and that raw smart tag orientation data could be read while in the RF field of a standard HF RFID reader, but at a limited range.
Highlights
Passive RFID tags are devices that receive power for operation from the RF field generated by a reader
The wireless bridge, connecting the reader and smart tag, was able to power the MEMS sensor during measurements
We presented an HF RFID battery-free smart tag with MEMS sensor, composed of a multi-axis accelerometer and gyroscope integrated circuit
Summary
Passive RFID tags are devices that receive power for operation from the RF field generated by a reader. They act as slaves in reader-tag communications. Other ICs connected to the smart active label can be powered and their data logged even if the RF field is not present, providing the battery has enough charge. Third is the passive tag IC with the ability to execute simple commands to communicate with the MEMS sensor, without the need for an MCU on the smart tag, reducing cost and power demand.
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