The implantable and wearable biosensors for blood sugar level detection

Abstract

Continuously monitoring the blood sugar levels is crucial to prevent and cure diabetes. However, most of the current commercial testers are in vitro and only can record the data at a certain time, which cannot provide enough information to the doctors and limit their ability to apply the treatment. To solve this limitation, wearable and implantable biosensors for detecting blood sugar levels in real time continuously become more popular. This review focuses on wearable and implantable biosensors to obtain the blood sugar levels by monitoring different biofluids, including tissue fluid, sweat, tears, and saliva. The advantages and limitations of each biosensor are explored and the prospects for future development are summarized.