The Imperiled Giant Anteater: Ecology and Conservation

Abstract

The giant anteater is an iconic, large-sized (22–45kg) mammal that can reach up to 2m in length and has a unique anatomy. This Neotropical species ranges from Southern Belize to Northern Argentina. It feeds almost exclusively on ants and termites, using its muscular forefeet to dig prey nests and its long filiform sticky tongue into capturing its prey. The giant anteater occupies a variety of habitats, and although they can survive in some anthropogenic habitats, they do require forested habitats that are essential for their thermoregulation. This species has low metabolic rates and low body temperature when compared to other species of mammals. Females have an average of one pup per year, providing long-term maternal care and carrying the cub on her back for several months. The giant anteater is classified as IUCN “Vulnerable” with local extinctions and population declines throughout its range due to habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation. Other threats include deaths caused by fires, road kills, poaching, dog attacks, and pesticides, among others.