Abstract
The gullies represent the most complex and destructive way of soil degradation relative to linear erosion. In this context, the goal of this study is to address the impacts of gullies in the longitudinal profile of the Ze Acu Micro-watershed, at the Settlement Project (SP) Amazonian Village, Parintins municipality, Amazon State, Brazil and, as consequence of that, the impacts to the family farmers living there. Methodology: a) Cognitive Map; b) Geoprocessing; c) Field work from 2010 to 2012. Discussion of the results: Twelve gullies were mapped at the edge of the first order channels’ headwater in an area of extensive livestock. The upper stream is the more affected by the colmatation of tributary channels and the siltation of the mainstream. As consequence, in the river’s ebb tide (August to December) there is the scarcity of water (direct impact on domestic use, irrigation, transport, quantity of fishes; Indirect impact described as no potability because of the high charge of suspend sediments). These impacts affect 07 traditional farming communities (416 families). This problem leads to the vulnerability of local farmers and impacts can be seemed on their economy, social life and culture. Nevertheless, Ze Acu Micro-watershed is looking for its geomorphological reorganization, compatible with the new conditions that are imposed to it. The on-going changes, however, doesn’t permit recovering the same ecosystem, due the loss of soil, fauna and flora.
Highlights
The environmental equilibrium and disequilibrium are intrinsically related with the land use and occupation
The goal of this study is to address the impacts of gullies in the longitudinal profile of the Zé Açu Micro-watershed, at the Settlement Project (SP) Amazonian Village, Parintins municipality, Amazon State, Brazil and, as consequence of that, the impacts to the family farmers living there
The vegetation, for instance, is important for the climatic equilibrium, and this last one is connected to the hydrologic cycle which is essential for the living beings and their environment, demonstrating the cyclic interdependence
Summary
The environmental equilibrium and disequilibrium (climatic factors and elements besides biotic and abiotic environments) are intrinsically related with the land use and occupation. It is impossible to separate the set of physical conditions that interacts with on living organisms. This framework is an evident global concern about environmental issues. Regarding the Amazon studies, Aguiar [1,2] indicated the relationship between vegetation cover and weather: the absence of vegetation may cause reduction in the permanence time of water in the drainage basin, by favoring the accelerated flow and, resulting in a decrease of water vapor in the atmosphere, by the reduction of humidity in the whole system. This argumentation corroborates the various studies [3,4,5,6,7], wherein it is said that precipitation arises from the combination of locally evaporated water (evapotranspiration) with humidity contributions originated at Atlantic Ocean
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