Abstract
Abstract The western eye-wall of Hurricane Ivan (an upper Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale) passed approximately 21 km east of Dauphin Island as it made an early morning landfall on September 16, 2004. The island experienced Category 1 hurricane (Saffir–Simpson scale) force winds and large storm waves. Ivan affected Dauphin Island in a variety of ways because of the island's morphology and proximity to nearby submerged and emergent features. The eastern end of the barrier island experienced diminished storm wave energy as a result of an emergent offshore sand island (Pelican-Sand Island), which is a portion of the shallow submerged Mobile Bay ebb-tidal delta. These offshore features absorbed most of the energy from Ivan's storm waves. The western end of the island, a thin and low-lying portion of the barrier island platform, received the full impact of the hurricane. Beach-derived sand was transported northward across this portion of the island by the action of storm waves that washed over...
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