Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles are one of the most commonly engineered nanomaterials and necessarily enter the environment because of the large quantities produced and their widespread application. Understanding the impacts of nanoparticles on plant growth and development is crucial for the assessment of probable environmental risks to food safety and human health, because plants are a fundamental living component of the ecosystem and the most important source in the human food chain. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles on barley Hordeum vulgare L. seed germination, seedling morphology, root cell viability, stress level, genotoxicity, and expression of miRNAs. The results demonstrate that zinc oxide nanoparticles enhance barley seed germination, shoot/root elongation, and H2O2 stress level and decrease root cell viability and genomic template stability and up- and downregulated miRNAs in barley seedlings.
Highlights
Nanotechnology and engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have received significant attention worldwide in recent years
To determine the impact of Zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs on barley Hordeum vulgare L., the following objectives were established in the present study: (I) to investigate the effect of ZnO NPs on barley seed germination and plant morphology and (II) to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects and stress level and evaluate the miRNA expression levels caused by ZnO NPs in barley seedlings grown on hydroponics
25 mL of 0.2 M NaOH (Merck, ≥99%) dissolved in ethanol were added dropwise to the stock solution until a pH value of 11 was reached. e obtained solution was ultrasonically stirred for one hour. e solution was poured into a sealed Teflon-lined beaker and placed for six hours in an oven preheated to 90°C. e white precipitate was collected, rinsed with distilled water, and dried in the oven at 90°C. e result was a white powder consisting of spherical NP agglomerates
Summary
Nanotechnology and engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have received significant attention worldwide in recent years. E sustainable solution to this problem may be the use of nanoparticles as an effective tool for plant resistance-related microRNA (miRNA) regulation. E miRNAs miR156 and miR159 are intensively studied because they are involved in various plant responses to stress, such as responses to drought, hypoxia, fungal infections, and NPs [47, 48]. To determine the impact of ZnO NPs on barley Hordeum vulgare L., the following objectives were established in the present study: (I) to investigate the effect of ZnO NPs on barley seed germination and plant morphology and (II) to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects and stress level and evaluate the miRNA expression levels caused by ZnO NPs in barley seedlings grown on hydroponics
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