Abstract
An original experimental method was used to investigate the influence of water and road salt with anti-caking agent on the material used in pavement construction layers. This method allowed for monitoring material changes resulting from the influence of water and road salt with anti-caking agent over time. The experiment used five different mineral road mixes, which were soaked separately in water and brine for two time intervals (2 days and 21 days). Then, each sample of the mix was subjected to tests of the complex module using the four-point bending (4PB-PR) method. The increase in mass of the soaked samples and the change in value of the stiffness modulus were analyzed. Exemplary tomographic (X-ray) imaging was performed to confirm the reaction of the road salt and anti-caking agent (lead agent) with the material. Based on measurements of the stiffness modulus and absorption, the correlations of the mass change and the value of the stiffness modulus were determined, which may be useful in estimating the sensitivity of mixes to the use of winter maintenance agents—e.g., road salt with anti-caking agent (sodium chloride). It was found that the greatest changes occur for mixes intended for base course layers (mineral cement mix with foamed asphalt (MCAS) and mineral-cement-emulsion mixes (MCE)) and that the smallest changes occur for mixes containing highly modified asphalt (HIMA).
Highlights
The AC 22 WMS mix was made of highly modified asphalt Pmb 25/55-80 highly modified asphalt (HIMA), which is characterized by both high fatigue strength and resistance to permanent deformation
The mineral-cement-emulsion (MCE) mix is intended for base course layers and shows large changes in the mass of the samples soaked in water and brine
Our analyses showed that brine has a fundamental impact on changes in the mechanical properties of road materials
Summary
Unfavorable conditions mobilize road services to ensure the safety of traffic on the road by the use of various chemical agents, in particular, road salt with anti-caking agent (sodium chloride (NaCl)). Road salt with anti-caking agent is an agent commonly used to remove snow and ice from roads [1]. The first successful use of salt for de-icing the surface course took place in the USA on New Hampshire roads in the winter of 1938. Sodium chloride has been widely used in Northeast Europe and North America [2]. Salt use has increased significantly since its first use, e.g., to around 20 million tons of salt per year on roads in North America [3,4,5]
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