The impact of vitamin D on clinical parameters and bone turnover biomarkers in ligature-induced periodontitis: An experimental study in rats

Abstract

Objectives and BackgroundVitamin D has been associated with an increased risk of tooth loss andtheseverity of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to evaluatethe effect ofvitamin Don the clinical, radiographic,and serum level changes of bone turnover biomarkers in ligature-induced periodontitis. MethodsA total of 28 rats were included in this study and divided into test groups:Vitamin D supplement (VS), Vitamin D deficient (VD),and control (CG). Ligature-induced periodontal tissue destruction was performed and kept for 21 days. Clinical attachment and radiographic changes were recorded, andserum samplesweretested for Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), Sclerostin (SOST), and Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) on the initial and final day of the study. ResultsGroups that were made VD exhibitedamore significant amountof clinical attachment loss (1.05 ± 0.50 mm)compared totheCG (0.83 ± 0.14 mm) and VS group(0.60 ± 0.13 mm), showing significant differences (p < 0.05). The radiographic alveolar bone loss amount was greater inthe VD groupcompared to the other groups. For serum level assessment,theVD groups also exhibited a statistically significantreduction inthelevels of OPG. They showed higherconcentrations ofDKK1, SOST,and FGF23than other groups,with significant differences (p < 0.05). ConclusionThe results revealed that Vitamin D mayplay a role inthe progression ofperiodontal disease. It was found to affect both clinical parameters and bone turnover biomarkers, suggesting its potential impact on the disease process.