Abstract
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the influence of various time intervals on the composition of the supragingival plaque microbiome, especially the dynamic core microbiome, and to find a suitable observation interval for further studies on oral microbiota.Methods and MaterialsEight qualified volunteers whose respective age ranges from 25 to 28 years participated in the present study. The supragingival plaque was collected from the buccogingival surface of the maxillary first molar at eight time slots with different intervals (day 0, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months). Bioinformatic analyses was performed based on 16S rDNA pyrosequencing (454 sequencing platform) targeting at the hypervariable V4–V5 region, in order to assess the diversity and variation of the supragingival plaque microbiome.ResultsA total of 359,565 qualified reads for 64 samples were generated for subsequent analyses, which represents 8,452 operational taxonomic units identified at 3% dissimilarity. The dynamic core microbiome detected in the current study included five phyla, 12 genera and 13 species. At the genus level, the relative abundance of bacterial communities under the “1 day,” “1 month,” and “3 months” intervals was clustered into sub-category. At the species level, the number of overlapping species remained stable between the “1 month” and “3 months” intervals, whereas the number of dynamic core species became stable within only 1 week.ConclusionsThis study emphasized the impact of different time intervals (days, weeks and months) on the composition, commonality and diversity of the supragingival microbiome. The analyses found that for various types of studies, the time interval of a month is more suitable for observing the general composition of the supragingival microbiome, and that a week is better for observing the dynamic core microbiome.
Highlights
The oral cavity of humans is colonized by an enormous number of microorganisms that may include at least 700 species [1]
A total of 359,565 qualified reads for 64 samples were generated for subsequent analyses, which represents 8,452 operational taxonomic units identified at 3% dissimilarity
The dynamic core microbiome detected in the current study included five phyla, genera and species
Summary
The oral cavity of humans is colonized by an enormous number of microorganisms that may include at least 700 species [1]. With the advent of innovative technology, especially the generation sequencing platform, more and more bacterial phylotypes have been revealed in oral microbial communities, and the observed number of species has undergone upward adjustment [2,3]. It is not surprising that the composition and variation of oral microbiota is of profound importance for human health and physiology [4]. Further studies of the oral microbiota confirmed the existence and general composition of the core microbiome [10,11]. It is increasingly recognized that the core microbiomes (or “core taxa”, “common taxa”, “shared OTUs”, etc.) may be critical to the ecosystem function of the community within the oral cavity, and play an important role in the maintenance of health
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