Abstract
The Temperate Highland Peat Swamps on Sandstone of the Sydney Basin occur in the headwaters of Sydney’s drinking water catchments and are listed as endangered ecosystems, yet they have suffered habitat losses and degradation due to human impacts such as urbanisation. Despite ongoing efforts to restore and better protect upland swamps, they remain poorly understood, potentially hindering the effectiveness of management efforts. Essential to overall ecosystem function and the provision of services for human and environmental benefit are the microbial component of wetland ecosystems. In the case of these swamps, the microbes, have not yet been studied. Here, we investigated differences in the microbial community of upland swamps in urbanised catchments compared to swamps from natural catchments in the Blue Mountains. A total of twelve swamps were sampled, six from within urbanised catchments and six with intact vegetation catchments, to compare sediment conditions and microbial community and genes expression and abundances. Catchment impervious area and number of stormwater drains entering a swamp, indicators for urbanisation, positively correlated with the pH and ammonium concentration of swamp sediment. Community analysis of the 16S rRNA gene (T-RFLP, qPCR) revealed the elevated pH of urbanised swamps coincided with changes to the abundance of bacteria and archaea. Furthermore, RT-qPCR revealed genes involved in carbon cycling (mcrA & pmoA) were more likely to be found in urbanised swamps. Taken together, our results indicate that urbanisation of the Blue Mountains is impacting the environmental services provided by the microbial community of upland swamps in the Sydney Basin.
Highlights
Wetlands, including swamps, bogs and fens, are important landscape features that serve to regulate water flow, improve water quality, provide wildlife habitat and store carbon [1]
Summary of quantitative PCR (qPCR) results summary as mean number of copies per gram of sediment
Since so few samples had detections we did not compare abundances, it is worth noting that 12 (80%) of the archaea ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) detections were from urbanised swamps
Summary
Wetlands, including swamps, bogs and fens, are important landscape features that serve to regulate water flow, improve water quality, provide wildlife habitat and store carbon [1]. Impacts of urbanisation on microbial community in upland swamps of Eastern Australia undertaking as per section 486A of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 between the Minister for the Environment, Springvale Coal Pty Ltd and Centennial Angus Place Pty Ltd. Further information on the enforceable undertaking and the terms of the THPSS Research Program can be found at www.environment.gov.au/news/2011/10/ 21/centennial-coal-fund-145-million-researchprogram
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