Abstract
The objective of this paper is to gain a clearer understanding of the strategic relationship between a series of studies addressing the sustainability agenda. The analysis uses qualitative and quantitative data derived from two studies: the regional (macro) integrated transport and land-use model data and the micro-analysis of ten selected neighbourhoods, both of which have taken place in the North East of England. The interview with local authorities demonstrated that, despite the sustainability agenda being high on their list, there are issues with embracing social, economic and environmental aspects in equal manner, relating to transport. The macro-analysis shows that different land-use scenarios influence only a small part of travel behaviour. The main argument was that the changes in land-uses and transport provision are relatively marginal, compared to the existing development. The micro-study, on the other hand, demonstrated that it is the attitudes of citizens, rather than the neighbourhood characteristics, which play the bigger role in influencing the patterns of car travel, thus suggesting that future policy work on attitudes may have a bigger impact in influencing travel behaviour.
Highlights
Existing literature has highlighted that the relationship between transportation and land-use is complex and recursive
Since the early analysis by Newman and Kenworthy (1989) that established density as the main theme of the transport and land-use relationship, there are at least 10 more urban form characteristics that have been identified over time, including settlement size; strategic development location; strategic transport network; job–housing balance; accessibility of key facilities; development site location; mix of land-uses; neighbourhood design and street layout; traffic demand management; and parking (CfIT — Commission for Integrated Transport, 2009)
The macro-model approach can represent most of these variables to some extent and pointed to the role that spatial strategy plays in influencing travel behaviour
Summary
Existing literature has highlighted that the relationship between transportation and land-use is complex and recursive. Additional research is needed to understand which transportation and land-use policies can best support a move towards sustainability. Movements such as ‘New Urbanism’ in the US (see for example: Duany & Plater-Zyberk, 1991) and the ‘Compact City’ in Europe (see for example: Jenks, Burton, & Williams, 1997) have been trying to re-assess the approach of how to build and/or re-build cities. In the UK, discussion on the compact city paradigm concludes that, despite its contribution to a reduction in
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