The Impact of Typhoon Intensity on Wave Height and Storm Surge in the Northern East China Sea: A Comparative Case Study of Typhoon Muifa and Typhoon Lekima

Mei Du,Dongxue Mo,Baoshu Yin,Yijun Hou,Junyan Wang,Shuiqing Li,Jian Li

doi:10.3390/jmse10020192

Abstract

A comparative study was conducted on typhoon intensity factors affecting the marine environment using two representative cases: Typhoon Lekima, which made landfall at Shandong Peninsula, the Northern East China Sea, and Typhoon Muifa, which did not. Using the ADCIRC and SWAN models, we developed a coupled numerical model and applied it to simulate the storm surge and destructive waves caused by typhoons. Three typhoon parameters—maximum wind speed, radius of maximum wind speed, and translation speed—were investigated through sensitivity experiments. The storm surge during the typhoon that made landfall showed a positive correlation with the distance of the typhoon’s center. The maximum significant wave height and storm surge had near-linear growth with a maximum wind speed but decreased with the growth rate of the radius of maximum wind. A rapid typhoon translation speed from 47 km/h to 60 km/h could cause a storm surge resonance phenomenon at the northern coast of the East China Sea.

Highlights

Typhoons are among the most extreme meteorological systems in the world [1]
The model results verified that using the Simulation Waves Nearshore (SWAN) + Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model for this task was reasonable
In the maximum wind speed experiments, significant wave height results showed that the area influenced by the typhoon was larger when the maximum wind speed was higher

Summary

Introduction

Typhoons ( known as hurricanes in the Atlantic and northeast Pacific oceans) are among the most extreme meteorological systems in the world [1]. A storm surge is an unusual fluctuation of sea level that is often caused by strong meteorological processes [2,3,4]. Typhoon-induced storm surges are extremely destructive and can cause serious damage, especially in heavily developed and densely populated areas [5]. One of the most commonly used tools for numerically modeling storm surges and waves is hydrodynamic modeling, which has been used in New York City (USA) [6,7], the Gulf of Mexico (USA) [8,9], and the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh) [10,11,12]. Province [16,17], Shanghai [18,19], Taiwan [20,21,22,23,24,25], and Tianjin [26].

Results

Discussion

Conclusion