The impact of trade on environmental quality and sustainable development in Ghana

Abstract

Since gaining independence in 1957, Ghana has significantly increased its economic ties with the global community through trade liberalization policies. However, this integration has profoundly affected the environment, particularly in utilizing natural resources, and has subsequently impacted sustainable development. This study examines the relationship between trade, environmental considerations, and sustainable development within the Ghanaian context. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) error correction estimation technique, we found that trade positively impacts sustainable development in Ghana despite causing adverse environmental effects. This suggests that economic gains are prioritized over environmental preservation, indicating weak sustainability. However, sustainable development requires a balance between economic, social, and environmental factors, and a shift towards strong sustainability may be necessary for long-term sustainability. Therefore, pivotal policy interventions are warranted to navigate the path toward strong sustainability. Mechanisms that ensure the judicious pricing of Ghana's forest and natural resources are necessary to optimize resource exploitation while mitigating negative externalities. Ghana can promote inclusive and sustainable development by establishing a delicate balance between economic expansion and environmental stewardship.