The impact of the power struggle in the Renaissance delayed national thought in South Kurdistan 1800-1850

Abstract

The national thought of Kurdish renaissance has been delayed due to long term conflicts among Kurdish Emirates, in particular in the first half of the 19 th century. Along with other nations under Ottoman Empire and its renaissancebeginning in 1839 and later years by Sultan Abdul-Majeed while Kurdish society was encountering backwardness, subordinate in policy, economy and education aspects. Consisting first half of the 19 th century, three quarters of this half includes quarrels and fighting for power between brothers, uncle and cousin, between cousins within the same family orbetween two different Emirates attempting to continue their dictatorship in Southern Kurdistan. Ottoman Empire was waiting their destruction on the borders when they were awaken, it happened exactly after 1835 when Ottoman commander Rasheed Pasha attacked Botan, Soran and Badinan Emirates in 1836. Ottoman Empire could dissolve and end the power of both Emirates of Soran and Badinan in six years. Ottoman power returning to the central lands of northern Kurdistan andinterests of countries such Britain, France, Russia and Germany played an important role in ending Kurdish Emirates in Southern Kurdistan. Thus, continual agreements between Ottoman and Qajaryempires especially the last one which was Erzurum Agreement in 1847 resulted into the process of Renaissance delayed national thought in South Kurdistan in the first half of the 19 th century.