The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Households’ Energy Consumption: The case of Poland

Abstract

Goal – the aim of the article is to investigate and assess the energy situation of Polish consumers aged 25–45 during the coronavirus pandemic. In particular we wish to find information concerning the response to the impact of a pandemic situation on consumer behavior in terms of energy consumption, possibilities and willingness to save energy and the ability to cover energy bills. Research methodology – the research was based on CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) methodology as a tool to assess the energy situation of respondents aged 25–45. Information on the surveyed population sample was obtained through the use of a research questionnaire filled with questions of mostly qualitative nature. Some of the questions were open-ended, which made it possible to delve into the actions and motivations taking place in households during the pandemic. The survey was conducted on a sample of 533 respondents, covering all of Poland. The study was conducted in the period October–November 2021. Score/results – the results of the study highlight the basic implications of respondents’ energy consumption in the consequence of the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Household energy consumption implications can be understood as temporary changes and some as long-term changes. Research results show various impacts on energy consumption in households, which were assessed in two areas: standard lifestyle and work at home. Originality/value – the analysis carried out in the paper allows assessing the relationship between the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the scale of electricity consumption in households. Research results can provide energy saving recommendations for consumers. In addition, the study shows aspects of social trends in household energy consumption in times of crisis such as a pandemic.