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Abstract
Soil infiltration processes manage runoff generation, which in turn affects soil erosion. There is limited information on infiltration rates. In this study, the impact of vine age on soil bulk density (BD) and hydraulic conductivity (Ks) was assessed on a loam soil tilled by chisel plough. Soil sampling was conducted in the inter row area of six vineyards, which differed by the age from planting: 0 (Age 0; just planted), 1, 3, 6, 13, and 25 years (Age 1, Age 3, Age 6, Age 13, and Age 25, respectively). The One Ponding Depth (OPD) approach was applied to ring infiltration data to estimate soil Ks with an α* parameter equal to 0.012 mm−1. Soil bulk density for Age 0 was about 1.5 times greater than for Age 25, i.e., the long-term managed vineyards. Saturated hydraulic conductivity at Age 0 was 86% less than at Age 25. The planting works were considered a major factor for soil compaction and the reduction of hydraulic conductivity. Compared to the long-term managed vineyards, soil compaction was a very short-term effect given that BD was restored in one year due to ploughing. Reestablishment of Ks to the long-term value required more time.
Highlights
Extensive research has been carried out on vineyard soils, due to their effect on wine quality and quantity [1,2], and because soils in vineyards affect the environmental health, as they can be a source of pollutants [3,4], pesticides [5], sediments [5], and overland flow [6]
Organic matter content ranged from 1.2% to 1.4% and did not differ between the ninety sampling points even if relatively higher CV values were observed for age from planting: 0 (Age 0) and Age 25
Associated bulk density values up to 1.51 g cm−3 were observed for a loamy soil under vineyard and orchard land uses subjected to vehicle traffic [11]
Summary
Extensive research has been carried out on vineyard soils, due to their effect on wine quality and quantity [1,2], and because soils in vineyards affect the environmental health, as they can be a source of pollutants [3,4], pesticides [5], sediments [5], and overland flow [6]. Soil management in vineyard land use is relevant for the effect that it can have on soil properties [7,8]. The recently planted vineyards require more farming operations than the older ones. These practices, which are necessary for plant growth (e.g., application of pesticides, nutrients, installation of espalier), involve the continued use of heavy machinery and, cause changes in soil physical properties. Intensive agricultural activities determine soil structure degradation, compaction, and the formation of surface crusts that in turn reduce water infiltration. If soil infiltration capacity is less than rainfall intensity, the potential risks of runoff and soil erosion are
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