The impact of systems-of-care on pharmacoinvasive management with streptokinase: The subgroup analysis of the TN-STEMI programme

Abstract

ObjectivesWe evaluated the impact of implementation of the TN-STEMI programme on various characteristics of the pharmacoinvasive group by comparing clinical as well as angiographic outcomes between the pre- and post-implementation groups. MethodsThe TN-STEMI programme involved 2420 patients of which 423 patients had undergone a pharmacoinvasive strategy of reperfusion. Of these, 407 patients had a comprehensive blinded core-lab evaluation of their angiograms post-lysis and clinical evaluation of various parameters including time-delays and adverse cardio- and cerebro-vascular events at 1year. Streptokinase was used as the thrombolytic agent in 94.6% of the patients. ResultsIn the post-implementation phase, there was a significant improvement in ‘First medical contact (FMC)-to-ECG’ (11 vs. 5min, p<0.001) and ‘Lysis-to-angiogram’ (98.3 vs. 18.2h, p<0.001) times. There was also a significant improvement in the number of coronary angiograms performed within 24h (20.7% vs. 69.3%, p<0.001). The ‘Time-to-FMC’ (160 vs. 135min, p=0.07) and ‘Total ischemic time’ (210 vs. 176min, p=0.22) also showed a decreasing trend. IRA patency rate (70.2% vs. 86%, p<0.001) and thrombus burden (TIMI grade 0: 49.1% vs. 73.4%, p<0.001) were superior in this group. The MACCE rates were similar except for fewer readmissions (29.8% vs. 12.6%, p=0.0002) and target revascularizations at 1year (4.8% vs. none, p=0.002) in the post-implementation group. ConclusionThe implementation of a system-of-care (hub-and-spoke model) in the pharmacoinvasive group of the TN-STEMI programme demonstrated shorter lysis-to-angiogram times, better TIMI flow patterns and lower thrombus burden in the post-implementation phase.