Abstract
BackgroundApplication the innovative method which is in ovo technology provides a means of modulating the immune system at early embryonic stages. The aim of study was to determine influence of the in ovo stimulation, on d 12 of incubation, with synbiotics (synbiotic 1- L. salivarius IBB3154 + Bi2tos, Clasado Ltd. and the synbiotic 2 - L. plantarum IBB3036 + lupin RFOs) on the microstructure of duodenum, jejunum and ileum in the 1st and 42nd day of rearing.ResultsOn the 1st day of chickens life, in the duodenum of both experimental groups (SYN1 and SYN2), a significantly higher and wider intestinal villi as well as a significantly larger absorbent surface of these villi were found in comparison with the Control group (P ≤ 0.01). On the 42nd day of rearing the beneficial effect of synbiotic 1 was reflected by the numerically higher villi (no statistical differences) with a larger surface (P ≤ 0.01) in the duodenum in the SYN1 group compare to the Control group. In the jejunum on the 1st day of life, in the SYN1 group, significantly higher villi than in the Control group, with a simultaneous decrease in the depth of crypts (P ≤ 0.01), and also the largest width of villi and their absorbent area (P ≤ 0.01) in comparison to the other groups were found. On the 42nd day of life, in the jejunum, an increase in the height of the villi whilst reducing the crypt depth in the SYN2 group was found (P ≤ 0.01). In turn, in the SYN1 group, there were significantly more neutral goblet cells observed compared with the control group (P ≤ 0.05). In the ileum of 1-day-old chickens, the widest villi (P ≤ 0.05) and the deepest crypts (P ≤ 0.01) were found in the SYN2 group. In the same group, there was also the least amount of neutral goblet cells in comparison to the other groups (P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsWe observed that synbiotic 1 and 2 beneficially affected the examined characteristics on the 1st and 42nd day of life. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the use of synbiotics significantly affect gut structure which should contribute to improvement in nutrient absorption by the gut.
Highlights
Application the innovative method which is in ovo technology provides a means of modulating the immune system at early embryonic stages
Synbiotic L. plantarum IBB3036 + lupin Raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFO) (SYN2 group) significantly increased the body weight of chickens on the 1st day of life (P ≤ 0.05) (Table 2), while significantly higher feed intake was found in both injected groups compared to the Control group (P ≤ 0.05) (Table 3)
While macroscopically evaluating the small intestines of the chickens, we found that the use of synbiotic 2 reduced the length (P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01) and weight (P ≤ 0.01) of the duodenum on the 1st day of life of the chickens in relation to the other groups (Table 4)
Summary
Application the innovative method which is in ovo technology provides a means of modulating the immune system at early embryonic stages. Application of an innovative method, such as in ovo technology, provides a means of modulating the immune system at early embryonic stages. This technology involves the introduction - on the appropriate day of embryonic development of birds - of the particular substance in solution form to the air chamber of eggs or directly into a developing embryo [4]. The effectiveness of the injection and the level of use of the injected bioactive substance by the avian embryo depend on various factors [5]. A similar result was obtained by Pilarski et al [9], who studied the effect of alphagalactosides (RFOs) administered on the 12th day of egg incubation on selected traits of chickens
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