Abstract
BackgroundEmotional intelligence (EI) is important for personal, social and career success and has been linked to the frontal anterior cingulate, insula and amygdala regions.AimTo ascertain which stroke lesion sites impair emotional intelligence and relation to current frontal assessment measurements.MethodsOne hundred consecutive, non aphasic, independently functioning patients post stroke were evaluated with the Bar-On emotional intelligence test, "known as the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i)" and frontal tests that included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Frontal Systems Behavioral Inventory (FRSBE) for correlational validity. The results of a screening, bedside frontal network syndrome test (FNS) and NIHSS to document neurological deficit were also recorded. Lesion location was determined by the Cerefy digital, coxial brain atlas.ResultsAfter exclusions (n = 8), patients tested (n = 92, mean age 50.1, CI: 52.9, 47.3 years) revealed that EQ-i scores were correlated (negatively) with all FRSBE T sub-scores (apathy, disinhibition, executive, total), with self-reported scores correlating better than family reported scores. Regression analysis revealed age and FRSBE total scores as the most influential variables. The WCST error percentage T score did not correlate with the EQ-i scores. Based on ANOVA, there were significant differences among the lesion sites with the lowest mean EQ-i scores associated with temporal (71.5) and frontal (87.3) lesions followed by subtentorial (91.7), subcortical gray (92.6) and white (95.2) matter, and the highest scores associated with parieto-occipital lesions (113.1).Conclusions1) Stroke impairs EI and is associated with apathy, disinhibition and executive functioning. 2) EI is associated with frontal, temporal, subcortical and subtentorial stroke syndromes.
Highlights
Emotional intelligence (EI) is important for personal, social and career success and has been linked to the frontal anterior cingulate, insula and amygdala regions
Emotional intelligence (EI) is a concept that may be defined in different ways by the psychological and medical disciplines that are concerned with its importance
Correlational validity EI total scores were negatively correlated with all Frontal Systems Behavioral Inventory (FRSBE) T sub-scores and the self-reported scores correlated better than family reported scores
Summary
Emotional intelligence (EI) is important for personal, social and career success and has been linked to the frontal anterior cingulate, insula and amygdala regions. Emotional intelligence (EI) is a concept that may be defined in different ways by the psychological and medical disciplines that are concerned with its importance. The four-branch model (perceiving emotions, facilitating thought, understanding emotions, managing emotions) of emotional intelligence definition by Mayer and Salovey is a concept that appears popular [1]. EI has been linked to the frontal anterior cingulate, insula and amygdala regions [9]. The overall approach for holistic brain injury assessment should be neurological, neuropsychiatric, cognitive, behavioral and emotional. Neurological deficit is recorded in current stroke assessment scales, yet the others may be the most important from a family, social, career and rehabilitative point of view. It is amenable to cognitive and behavioral intervention programs [16,17]
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