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Abstract
Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is emerging as one of the most frequently found bacteria in chronic pulmonary infection. Biofilm is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor to disease pathogenesis. In the present study, a total of 37 isolates of S. maltophilia obtained from chronic pulmonary infection patients were evaluated to the relationship between biofilm production and the relative genes expression.MethodsThe clonal relatedness of isolates was determined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. Biofilm formation assays were performed by crystal violet assay, and confirmed by Electron microscopy analysis and CLSM analysis. PCR was employed to learn gene distribution and expression.ResultsTwenty-four pulsotypes were designated for 37 S. maltophilia isolates, and these 24 pulsotypes exhibited various levels of biofilm production, 8 strong biofilm-producing S. maltophilia strains with OD492 value above 0.6, 14 middle biofilm-producing strains with OD492 average value of 0.4 and 2 weak biofilm-producing strains with OD492 average value of 0.19. CLSM analysis showed that the isolates from the early stage of chronic infection enable to form more highly structured and multilayered biofim than those in the late stage. The prevalence of spgM, rmlA, and rpfF genes was 83.3%, 87.5%, and 50.0% in 24 S. maltophilia strains, respectively, and the presence of rmlA, spgM or rpfF had a close relationship with biofilm formation but did not significantly affect the mean amount of biofilm. Significant mutations of spgM and rmlA were found in both strong and weak biofilm-producing strains.ConclusionMutations in spgM and rmlA may be relevant to biofilm formation in the clinical isolates of S. maltophilia.
Highlights
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen in hospitalized or compromised patients [1,2]
We examined a set of 24 clinical isolates of S. maltophilia for biofilm formation traits in order to find significant differences, and evaluated the relationship between biofilm production and the detection of rmlA, spgM, and rpfF genes
Clonal relatedness of isolates According to the patterns of Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) isolates, 24 pulsotypes were designated for 37 S. maltophilia isolates
Summary
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen in hospitalized or compromised patients [1,2]. The role of this opportunistic pathogen as an innocent bystander or causative agent often remains unclear [3,4] and little is known about its virulence factors [5,6]. Sessile structured bacterial communities exhibiting recalcitrance to antimicrobial compounds and persistence despite sustained host defenses, are increasingly recognized as a contributing factor to disease pathogenesis in the respiratory tract diseases associated with chronic bacterial infections [7]. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is emerging as one of the most frequently found bacteria in chronic pulmonary infection. A total of 37 isolates of S. maltophilia obtained from chronic pulmonary infection patients were evaluated to the relationship between biofilm production and the relative genes expression
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