Abstract
The research was carried out on the carbonate black soil of Akmola region in two five-field crop rotations in 2010-2016. The scheme of the experiment included the following ways of soil tillage: deep flat-cutting DF-3-5 (at a depth of 25-27 cm), surface flat-cutting KPSSH-9 (at 10-12 cm), para ploughing SHR-4.5 (at 25-27 cm) and No-till . The researchers observed the highest moisture reserves in the soil layer of 0-100 cm for 7 years in the variants with deep flat-cutting tillage and para ploughing: 115.6 and 112.6 on steam, 108.5 and 105.4 mm on pea. The lowest amount of moisture (80.4 mm) was observed in No-till treatment. The density of the arable soil layer of the southern carbonate black soil before spring wheat sowing corresponded to the appropriate values. When experiencing mechanical treatment, the density of arable layer varied from 1.23 to 1.26 g/cm3; in No-till variant it was 1.31 g/cm3. The concentration of valuables in the variants with deep and surface mechanical tillage varied within 70.9-75.6%, when No-till method was applied, the parameter reduced to 64.5 - 61.5%. The yields of spring wheat sown on steam varied within 1.70 - 1.82 t/ha and did not depend on the soil tillage., Regardless the soil treatment, cultivation of wheat after peas reduced grain harvest on 0.12 - 0.27 t/ha in comparison with steam variant. The authors didn’t observe reliable differences in the crop yield between the first and second crops of grain-steamed crop rotation when applying mechanical soil tillage. In the No-till system there was a reliable decrease in wheat yield on 0.24 t/ha.
Highlights
The density of the arable soil layer of the southern carbonate black soil before spring wheat sowing corresponded to the appropriate values
The concentration of valuables in the variants with deep and surface mechanical tillage varied within 70.9-75.6%, when No-till method was applied, the parameter reduced to 64.5 - 61.5%
The yields of spring wheat sown on steam varied within 1.70 - 1.82 t/ha and did not depend on the soil tillage., Regardless the soil treatment, cultivation of wheat after peas reduced grain harvest on 0.12 - 0.27 t/ha in comparison with steam variant
Summary
В условиях засушливой степи, на территории землепользования Научнопроизводственного центра зернового хозяйства имени А. И. Бараева (50064/N; 71002/E), в течение семи лет (2010–2016 гг.) проводилось изучение длительного применения различных технологий обработки почвы на продуктивность яровой пшеницы. На полевом стационаре лаборатории точного земледелия изучалось влияние приемов обработки на динамику запасов в почве продуктивной влаги, ее структурное состояние, плотность пахотного слоя, урожайность яровой пшеницы. Все наблюдения проводились согласно методике полевых и лабораторных. Период исследований охватил всё разнообразие метеорологических условий и их воздействий на урожайность изучаемой культуры. Характеристика основных метеорологических показателей периода исследований представлена в табл. 1. Анализ гидротермических условий показывает, что за период исследований два года были острозасушливыми (2010 и 2012 гг.), три (2013–2015 гг.) – близки к среднемноголетним значениям и два (2011 и 2016 гг.). Такие значительные колебания погодных условий обусловили существенные изменения показателей почвенного плодородия и продуктивности яровой пшеницы в изучаемых вариантах обработки почвы
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