Abstract
BackgroundUse of skin personal care products on a regular basis is nearly ubiquitous, but their effects on molecular and microbial diversity of the skin are unknown. We evaluated the impact of four beauty products (a facial lotion, a moisturizer, a foot powder, and a deodorant) on 11 volunteers over 9 weeks.ResultsMass spectrometry and 16S rRNA inventories of the skin revealed decreases in chemical as well as in bacterial and archaeal diversity on halting deodorant use. Specific compounds from beauty products used before the study remain detectable with half-lives of 0.5–1.9 weeks. The deodorant and foot powder increased molecular, bacterial, and archaeal diversity, while arm and face lotions had little effect on bacterial and archaeal but increased chemical diversity. Personal care product effects last for weeks and produce highly individualized responses, including alterations in steroid and pheromone levels and in bacterial and archaeal ecosystem structure and dynamics.ConclusionsThese findings may lead to next-generation precision beauty products and therapies for skin disorders.
Highlights
Use of skin personal care products on a regular basis is nearly ubiquitous, but their effects on molecular and microbial diversity of the skin are unknown
The skin microbiome is stable for years [10], little is known about the molecules that reside on the skin surface or how skin care products influence this chemistry [17, 18]
Skin care and hygiene products persist on the skin Systematic strategies to influence both the skin chemistry and microbiome have not yet been investigated
Summary
Use of skin personal care products on a regular basis is nearly ubiquitous, but their effects on molecular and microbial diversity of the skin are unknown. Recent findings suggested an association between the use of antiperspirants or make-up and skin microbiota composition [5,6,7] These studies were performed for a short period (7–10 days) and/or without washing out the volunteers original personal care products, leading to incomplete evaluation of microbial alterations because the process of skin turnover takes 21–28 days [5,6,7,8,9]. The impact of short-term dietary interventions on the gut microbiome has been assessed [20, 21], no study has yet tested how susceptible the skin chemistry and Microbiome are to alterations in the subjects’ personal care product routine
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