The impact of sex and cannabis on clinical features in first–admitted patients with psychosis

Abstract

There is a scarcity of studies investigating the effect of sex on the clinical and treatment characteristics of first-admitted patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). The reasons for using cannabis and the effect of cannabis on clinical features have not received enough attention either. We aim therefore, to investigate sex differences in the reasons for cannabis use and to determine the effects of sex, cannabis use and their interaction on clinical variables at admission and at discharge from the inpatient unit.204 first-admitted FEPs in two inpatient units in Spain were included. The reasons for using cannabis were determined using the Dixon questionnaire. Clinical variables were compared between sexes and between cannabis users and non-users.Cannabis use was more frequent in males, but females were more likely to smoke cannabis to “feel relaxed”. There was a main effect of sex on positive psychotic symptoms and antipsychotics dose and an interaction effect of cannabis and sex on global functioning at discharge .Our findings show sex differences in the reasons for cannabis use and in some clinical and treatment characteristics among FEP patients. More studies focusing on gender perspectives are needed to develop more individualized treatments.