The Impact of Schoolyard Greening on Children's Physical Activity and Socioemotional Health: A Systematic Review of Experimental Studies.

Jean Bikomeye,Joanna Balza,Kirsten Beyer

doi:10.3390/ijerph18020535

Abstract

Access to green schoolyards (schoolyards designed with greenery and natural elements to create a park-like environment, as opposed to asphalt-based playgrounds) are associated with many benefits for students, including improvements in physical and mental health. While many studies examining these associations are cross-sectional, some feature experimental designs that offer the possibility of causal inference. In this review, we looked at experimental studies that examine the impact of schoolyard greening on measures of physical activity and socioemotional health in children. Four electronic databases (Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus and Greenfile) were searched, and from 1843 articles retrieved, 6 articles met the inclusion criteria. Examination of the eligible studies revealed a general consensus on the positive impact of schoolyard greening on both physical activity and socioemotional health outcomes for students, suggesting that schoolyard greening is a viable intervention in reducing the health equity gaps and improving children’s health regardless of their racial or ethnic backgrounds or residential neighborhood socioeconomic status. Further experimental research on this topic should elucidate how educators, administrators, policy makers, and other stakeholders can harness the benefits of schoolyard greening to improve the health and well-being of children in their communities.

Highlights

Research has shown that access to green space has beneficial effects on physical and mental health
In addition to physical health, access to green space is associated with many positive socioemotional health (SEH) outcomes such as improved mental well-being measured through increase in global life satisfaction [5]; fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress [6]; reduced stress and recovery from mental fatigue [6,7,8,9]; and increased happiness [5]
This process resulted in 6 articles that were included in this systematic review, as summarized in Table 1: Table 1

Summary

Introduction

Research has shown that access to green space has beneficial effects on physical and mental health. In addition to physical health, access to green space is associated with many positive socioemotional health (SEH) outcomes such as improved mental well-being measured through increase in global life satisfaction [5]; fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress [6]; reduced stress and recovery from mental fatigue [6,7,8,9]; and increased happiness [5]. The observed improvement in health outcomes associated with exposure to green spaces is especially prominent in children [13]. In a systematic review of 12 pediatric studies, green space was found to be associated with improved mental well-being, overall health, and cognitive development in children [14]. Other literature shows that green space promotes attention restoration [15], cognitive functioning, behavioral functioning and

Results

Discussion

Conclusion