The impact of rotavirus vaccination on rotavirus diarrhea in Sudanese children

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is a serious public health issue on a global scale and is prevalent in underdeveloped nations. Diarrhea kills at least four million children under the age of five annually. The Rotavirus is the most prevalent infectious agent causing diarrhea in young infants throughout the world. The point of the study is to reveal the significance of the Rotavirus vaccine in counteracting Rotavirus diarrhea, the incidence of cases among completely vaccinated children, the severity and mortality of Rotavirus diarrhea in vaccinated children, and seasonal fluctuations in Rotavirus diarrhea prevalence, Omdurman Pediatric Teaching Hospital was the setting of the current investigation. Methods: A prospective hospital-based inquiry was conducted at Omdurman Pediatric Teaching Hospital, where children aged three and under who visited the study region complained of three loose or watery bowel movements in 24 hours, as well as two or more episodes of inexplicable vomiting. To participate in the current trial, patients had to be hospitalized or treated for gastroenteritis as a primary disease and had symptoms for seven days or fewer. Age, gender, weight, immunization status, and illness severity were the study parameters. The outcome variable was whether or not the child was diagnosed with Rotavirus diarrhea. Patients are chosen if they meet all of the criteria for inclusion. Enzyme- linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used for the presence of group A Rotavirus. Results: There were 368 patients in the investigation, with 59.8% of them being males. The average age was 13.83 months (range1-36months). Rotavirus antigen was detected in 28% of the overall specimens. Patients under the age of one year had the greatest infection incidence (49.5 %). The risk of Rotavirus infection was reported to be 32.6 % in children who got one dose of the vaccination and 25.7 % in children who received two doses. Those who were partly vaccinated had a higher rate of patients with extremely severe illness (30 %). Conclusion: The prevalence, severity, and mortality of Rotavirus diarrheas are reduced when children are vaccinated against it. Fully vaccinated children were less likely to become infected and had a lower severity rate. In order to be included in the vaccine, more research is needed to pinpoint the virus serotype that causes illness in Sudan.