Abstract
The research examines the impact of residential and non-residential demand on facility location planning by comparing results from two location models: travel-to-work (TTW) and Residential model. The TTW model considers short-term changes in the state of the population due to travel-to-work (non-residential demand). By contrast, the Residential model uses a static snap-shot of the population based on official census estimates (residential demand). Comparison of both models was based on a case study of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) location-allocation planning problem in Leicester and Leicestershire, England, UK. Results showed that the using a static residential demand surface to plan EMS locations overestimates actual demand coverage, compared to a non-residential demand surface. Differences in location-allocation results between the models underscore the importance of accounting for temporal changes in the state of the population when planning locations for health service facilities. The findings of the study have implications for siting of EMS, designing, and planning of EMS service catchments and allocation of prospective demand to EMS sites. The study concludes that consideration of temporal changes in the state of the population is important for reliable and efficient location-allocation planning.
Highlights
Facility location planning methods have been used to derive optimal locations for service facilities
Comparison of both models was based on a case study of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) location-allocation planning problem in Leicester and Leicestershire, England, UK
The results showed that both models differ in terms of selected optimal location for EMS, proportions of demand allocated to optimal EMS locations, demand coverage and persons-weighted distance to selected EMS site
Summary
Facility location planning methods have been used to derive optimal locations for service facilities. Use population data derived from official census estimates as demand inputs into location planning models, which is based on residential demand or static nighttime population, referred hereafter as “residential demand”. Few studies that have incorporated non-residential demand into location planning models often use geographies or spatial units designed for static nighttime population (e.g. Output Area geographies (OAs) used in the UK) to describe non-residential demand, instead of an appropriate non-residential geography (e.g. Workplace Zones). Attempts to solve location problems can be traced to the works of Alfred Weber in 1909 Weber demonstrated his idea with a triangle popularly known as the “Weberian triangle” [10]. Weber’s technique involved optimising the location of a factory by minimising the cost of moving raw materials under certain simplifying assumptions
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