Abstract
Biochar is superior in promoting nitrogen removal performance in anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox). In this research, we prepared red-mud (RM) biochar by impregnation-pyrolysis to clarify the physicochemical properties and its effect on the short-term nitrogen removal performance of Anammox. RM particles were observed to load on the surface or pores of the biochar and even cause the collapse of the pore structure. The RM biochar prepared at 700 °C had a stronger electron transfer capacity and could act as a conductor for direct electron transfer. The addition of RM biochar can effectively improve the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of Anammox. Compared with the control blank (R0, without biochar), the addition of RM biochar at 500 and 700 °C increased the NH4+-N removal efficiency by 3.6∼ 3.9% and the total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) by 11.1∼ 15.7%. Red-mud biochar was highly enriched with anammox bacteria (AnAOB), mainly Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Jettenia, and promoted synergistic symbiosis among microorganisms. Spearman correlation showed that the excellent pore structure of RM biochar facilitates direct electron shuttling and transfer. These results provide a new approach to improve the efficiency and eco-friendliness of the Anammox while reducing its energy requirements.
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