Abstract
Rapid glucose testing is very important in the care of diabetes. Monitoring of blood glucose is the most critical indicator of disease control in diabetic patients. The invention and popularity of electrochemical sensors have made glucose detection fast and inexpensive. The first generation of glucose sensors had limitations in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. In order to overcome these problems, scientists have used a range of new materials to produce new glucose electrochemical sensors with higher sensitivity, selectivity and lower cost. A variety of different electrochemical sensors including enzymatic electrochemical sensors and enzyme-free electrochemical sensors have been extensively investigated. We discussed the development process of electrochemical glucose sensors in this review. We focused on describing the benefits of carbon materials in nanomaterials, specially graphene for sensors. In addition, we discussed the limitations of the sensors and challenges in future research.
Highlights
Blood glucose a very important indicator in medical care due to the close relationship between the level of sugar in the blood and many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and obesity
The development of graphene-based materials and devices is still in its infancy, and there is a need to continue to expand the scientific research of these materials and devices in the field of electroanalysis and electrocatalysis in the future
Novel methods should be developed for the controlled synthesis and processing of graphene
Summary
Blood glucose a very important indicator in medical care due to the close relationship between the level of sugar in the blood and many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and obesity. Diabetes is an important chronic disease faced by modern people (Klonoff et al, 2018; Zhu et al, 2020). Enzymatic electrochemical sensors are based on the specific reaction between glucose oxidase and glucose to generate a detection signal (Sehit and Altintas, 2020). For both enzymatic and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors, the use of suitable nanomaterials in the assembly process can improve the sensitivity of the sensor (Batool et al, 2019; Fan et al, 2021). We introduced the current state-of-the-art in carbon nanomaterials, special graphene for glucose sensors with challenges and opportunities
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