The Impact of Rapid Weight Loss on Oxidative Stress Markers and the Expression of the Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Individuals

Eva Tumova,Peter H. Jones,Michal Vrablik,Ron C. Hoogeveen,Christie M. Ballantyne,Wensheng Sun

doi:10.1155/2013/729515

Eva Tumova, Peter H. Jones + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/729515

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Abstract

Objective. Obesity is linked with a state of increased oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the etiology of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of rapid weight loss on oxidative stress markers in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Design and Methods. We measured oxidative stress markers in 40 obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS+), 40 obese subjects without metabolic syndrome (MetS−), and 20 lean controls (LC) at baseline and after three months of very low caloric diet. Results. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) levels decreased by 12% in MetS+ subjects, associated with a reduction in total cholesterol (TC), even after adjustment for age and sex. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity decreased by 4.7% in MetS+ subjects, associated with a drop in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), TC, and insulin levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a model including ox-LDL, LpPLA2 activity, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) improved prediction of MetS status among obese individuals compared to each oxidative stress marker alone. Conclusions. Oxidative stress markers were predictive of MetS in obese subjects, suggesting a higher oxidative stress. Rapid weight loss resulted in a decline in oxidative stress markers, especially in MetS+ patients.

Highlights

Obesity is one of the leading causes of overall morbidity and mortality in Western societies and the prevalence of obesity continues to increase worldwide [1]
We have previously shown that moderate acute weight loss of 5–7% with a very low calorie diet (VLCD) in obese subjects with Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was associated with dramatic improvement in all the clinical components of MetS, even though the individuals remained markedly obese [42]
Baseline correlations (Pearson’s regression) between oxidative stress markers and MetS components revealed that Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-low-density lipoprotein (LDL)) and Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity were adversely associated with cardiovascular lipid risk factors and showed a strong positive correlation with each other, while plasma MPO was associated with various measures of obesity and insulin resistance (Table 2)

Summary

Objective

Obesity is linked with a state of increased oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the etiology of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of rapid weight loss on oxidative stress markers in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) levels decreased by 12% in MetS+ subjects, associated with a reduction in total cholesterol (TC), even after adjustment for age and sex. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity decreased by 4.7% in MetS+ subjects, associated with a drop in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), TC, and insulin levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a model including ox-LDL, LpPLA2 activity, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) improved prediction of MetS status among obese individuals compared to each oxidative stress marker alone. Oxidative stress markers were predictive of MetS in obese subjects, suggesting a higher oxidative stress. Rapid weight loss resulted in a decline in oxidative stress markers, especially in MetS+ patients

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