Abstract
Beetroot is a root vegetable rich in different bioactive components, such as vitamins, minerals, phenolics, carotenoids, nitrate, ascorbic acids, and betalains, that can have a positive effect on human health. The aim of this work was to study the influence of the pulsed electric field (PEF) at different electric field strengths (4.38 and 6.25 kV/cm), pulse number 10–30, and energy input 0–12.5 kJ/kg as a pretreatment method on the extraction of betalains from beetroot. The obtained results showed that the application of PEF pre-treatment significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the efficiency of extraction of bioactive compounds from beetroot. The highest increase in the content of betalain compounds in the red beet’s extract (betanin by 329%, vulgaxanthin by 244%, compared to the control sample), was noted for 20 pulses of electric field at 4.38 kV/cm of strength. Treatment of the plant material with a PEF also resulted in an increase in the electrical conductivity compared to the non-treated sample due to the increase in cell membrane permeability, which was associated with leakage of substances able to conduct electricity, including mineral salts, into the intercellular space.
Highlights
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is part of the Chenopodiaceae family and has originated in Asia and Europe
Polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins present in beetroot have been recognized to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and hepato-protective activities, which can help in the prevention of many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease or hypertension and diabetes [3]
Electrical conductivity measurement is used to evaluate the effectiveness of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment in biological tissue [24]
Summary
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is part of the Chenopodiaceae family and has originated in Asia and Europe. The red beetroot variety, a cultivated form of Beta vulgaris subsp. The characteristic red purple color of beetroot derives from betalain, water soluble pigments found in plants of the Caryophyllales order [4]. Depending on their chemical structure, betalains can be divided into red-purple and violet betacyanins (betanin, isobetanin, probetanin, and neobetanin) or yellow betaxanthins (vulgaxanthin, miraxanthin, portulaxanthin, and indicaxanthin) [5]; and the redness of beetroot depends on the ratio between the two classes [6]. It was observed that the intact beetroot plant extracts contain about 40 mg/g dm of betalains, from which 20.75 mg/g
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