The impact of psychotherapy treatments of different length and type on health behaviour during a five-year follow-up

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of psychotherapy treatments of different lengths, number of sessions, and type on health behaviour. Method: A total of 367 patients were monitored for their health behaviour (alcohol consumption, body mass index), serum cholesterol (total and HDL), smoking and exercise) for five years from the start of the therapy. The effectiveness of solution-focused therapy, short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, and long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LPP) was examined in a randomized clinical trial, while the LPP group and the non-randomized psychoanalysis (PA) group were compared in a naturalistic design. Results: During the follow-up, an improvement was seen with regard to alcohol consumption, serum HDL cholesterol, and smoking in the LPP and PA groups. No notable differences in health behaviour between the two groups were found, however. During the last two years of the follow-up, changes towards higher alcohol consumption and higher total serum cholesterol levels were observed in the short-term therapy groups. Conclusions: The impact of PA and LPP on health behaviour did not differ, whereas the changes were less health promoting in short-term psychotherapy. Large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.