The Impact of Psychiatric Symptoms on Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Utilization of Mental Health Treatment

Abstract

BackgroundTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem, neurocutaneous disorder with a spectrum of TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders. The most common neuropsychiatric manifestations in the pediatric and adult populations are cognitive concerns, depression, and anxiety. Previous research suggests that while 90% of individuals with TSC have some TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders features, only 20% receive treatment, leading to a 70% treatment gap. MethodsThis web-based study used validated measures in conjunction with researcher-designed questions to evaluate perception of disease severity, presence of anxiety and depression, and the utilization and barriers toward mental health services among adults with TSC. ResultsThe Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire indicated that our overall study population had mild symptoms of anxiety, minimal depression, and a moderate perception of disease severity. Notably, the difference between the median depression score for men and women was statistically significant with men scoring higher than women (P = 0.02). Of 69 respondents, 57% (n = 39) reported receiving mental health treatment at some point over their lifetime. In both the mental health treatment group and the nonmental health treatment group, cost was more often indicated as a barrier to accessing mental health resources (treatment group: cost = 51% and stigma = 21%; nontreatment group: cost = 27% and stigma = 20%). ConclusionsTSC disease severity had a moderate and low-moderate association with anxiety and depression, respectively. Regardless of past utilization, respondents had a positive outlook towards the use of mental health services with the major barrier being cost.