The Impact of Productive Engagement on BMI Classification in Middle Age and Later Life

doi:10.33790/jmhsb1100131

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines productive engagement among middle-age and older adults as a predictor of body mass classification over time, from a role theory perspective.] Methods: Longitudinal data (2010-2018) from the Health and Retirement Survey were analyzed using multinomial logistic regressions, with separate analyses for two age groups: middle-age (age 50-64; n=8,005) and older adults (age 65 and over; n=9,123). Results: For the middle-age sample, working more hours increased odds of being overweight, and more time spent caring for parents increased the odds of being obese. For older adults, informal volunteering decreased the odds of being underweight. For the most part, being in the obese category was predicted by health (more chronic conditions, worse self-rated health, less frequent vigorous exercise, and non-smoker status), and sociodemographic factors (lower earnings, lower education, Black race, and younger age) for both younger and older samples. Implications: The findings reinforce the benefits of public support for workplace wellness initiatives that promote healthy eating and exercise behaviors. Further, public funding could be used to support programs that promote informal volunteering for older adults could reduce the risks associated with being underweight, thus advancing social aims while promoting public health.

Highlights

This study examines productive engagement as a predictor of body mass index over time
Examining the relationship between productive engagement and body mass index among middle-age and older adults links these areas of research, and expands our understanding of the mechanism related to healthy aging
We begin with an overview of the literature about body mass index, how it changes over time, and how it is associated with relative health risks

Summary

Introduction

This study examines productive engagement as a predictor of body mass index over time. A growing research literature demonstrates productive engagement as a predictor of overall health and psychological well-being. Little attention has been paid to how productive engagement can affect weight in older adults. This is notable given the many health risks associated with being underweight and obese. Examining the relationship between productive engagement and body mass index among middle-age and older adults links these areas of research, and expands our understanding of the mechanism related to healthy aging. We begin with an overview of the literature about body mass index, how it changes over time, and how it is associated with relative health risks. We describe the literature on productive engagement, our theoretical framework, and previous empirical findings about the

Results

Discussion

Conclusion