Abstract
The Malaysian government had targeted for the rice industry in the country to achieve 100% rice self-sufficiency where Malaysia’s rice self-sufficiency level (SSL) is currently at 65% to 75%. Thus, the government had implemented few policies to increase the rice production in Malaysia to meet the growing demand of rice. This paper focus on analyzing the impact of price subsidy on the rice production system in Malaysia using a system dynamics modelling approach. Scenario analysis was conducted using the developed system dynamics model by making changes on the price subsidy and observe the impact of the changes on the rice production and rice SSL. The developed system dynamics model offers better understanding of the effect of price subsidy on the rice self-sufficiency level. Based on the scenario analysis, the result shows that a 50% increase in the price subsidy leads to a substantial increase in demand as the rice price drops. Accordingly, the local production increases by 15%. However, the SSL slightly decreases as the local production is insufficient to meet the large demand.
Highlights
Migration from rural areas to urban areas among the primary guardians of the elderly deem them no longer considered safe for the future care of the elderly
This issue has yet to obtain the attention of gerontologists in Malaysia (Wan et al, 2015); the phenomenon of migration of guardians out of rural areas, which has caused many elderly people in the these areas to deal with guardianship problems, merits more attention
In Malaysia, migration to cities has become more popular since the Malaysian New Economic Policy (Dasar Ekonomi Baru) was launched in 1971, leaving an impact on how care for the elderly has evolved, especially in rural areas
Summary
Migration from rural areas to urban areas among the primary guardians of the elderly deem them no longer considered safe for the future care of the elderly. It has left implications that have led to abandonment of senior citizens in urban areas and guardianship issues This issue has yet to obtain the attention of gerontologists in Malaysia (Wan et al, 2015); the phenomenon of migration of guardians out of rural areas, which has caused many elderly people in the these areas to deal with guardianship problems, merits more attention. Before any policy on elderly care can be formulated, the extent of the outflow of the guardians should be analyzed to assist the government in identifying the true extent of the phenomenon characterized by the outflow of guardians to the city This phenomenon needs to be analyzed as the population of elderly members continue to grow in society. This article attempts to identify the extent of migration patterns of the senior citizens‟ guardians out of the area of their living quarters
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